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it can be described as

  • 1 can be described

    Общая лексика: поддаётся описанию

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > can be described

  • 2 A named transition condition can be described using a Structured Text expression. The expression should only return a boolean value

    Общая лексика: Условие именованн (см. Robert W. Lewis: Programming industrial control systems using IEC 1131-3)

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > A named transition condition can be described using a Structured Text expression. The expression should only return a boolean value

  • 3 Basic function blocks can be described either textually using the IEC 61499 textual syntax or graphically

    Общая лексика: Базисны (см. Robert W. Lewis: Modelling control systems using IEC 61499. Applying function blocks to distributed systems)

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Basic function blocks can be described either textually using the IEC 61499 textual syntax or graphically

  • 4 leshya (According to Jainism, the special aura of the soul that can be described in terms of colour, scent, touch, and taste and that indicates the stage of spiritual progress reached by the creature, whether human, animal, demon, or divine)

    Авиация: лешья

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > leshya (According to Jainism, the special aura of the soul that can be described in terms of colour, scent, touch, and taste and that indicates the stage of spiritual progress reached by the creature, whether human, animal, demon, or divine)

  • 5 another advantage of ... can be described by means of ...

      • другое преимущество... может быть описано посредством...

    English-Russian dictionary of phrases and cliches for a specialist researcher > another advantage of ... can be described by means of ...

  • 6 can

    I.
    1 ( expressing possibility) we can rent a house nous pouvons louer une maison ; anyone can enrol n'importe qui peut s'inscrire ; they can't ou cannot afford to fly ils ne peuvent pas se permettre de prendre l'avion ; it can also be used to dry clothes on peut aussi s'en servir pour faire sécher le linge ; how can one know in advance? comment peut-on savoir à l'avance? ; we are confident that the job can be completed in time nous sommes convaincus que le travail peut être fini à temps ; you can't have forgotten! tu ne peux pas avoir oublié! ; it can be described as on peut le décrire comme étant ; it cannot be explained logically ça n'a pas d'explication logique ; it could be that… il se peut que… (+ subj) ; could be ○ peut-être ; they could be dead ils sont peut-être morts ; it could be a trap c'est peut-être un piège, ça pourrait être un piège ; I could be wrong je me trompe peut-être, il se peut que j'aie tort ; this could be our most important match c'est peut-être or ça pourrait être le match le plus important pour nous ; the engine could explode le moteur pourrait exploser ; it could be seen as an insult ça pourrait être considéré comme une insulte ; it could be argued that on pourrait dire que ; could it have something to do with the delay? est-ce que ça pourrait avoir un rapport avec le retard? ; you could have been electrocuted! tu aurais pu t'électrocuter! ; ‘did she know?’-‘no, how could she?’ ‘est-ce qu'elle était au courant?’-‘non, comment est-ce qu'elle aurait pu l'être?’ ; the computer couldn't ou can't have made an error l'ordinateur n'a pas pu faire d'erreur, il est impossible que l'ordinateur ait fait une erreur ; they couldn't ou can't have found out so soon ils ne peuvent pas avoir compris si vite, il est impossible qu'ils aient compris si vite ; nothing could be simpler il n'y a rien de plus simple ;
    2 ( expressing permission) you can turn right here vous pouvez tourner à droite ici ; I can't leave yet je ne peux pas partir pour le moment ; we cannot allow dogs in the café nous ne pouvons pas autoriser les chiens dans le café ; can we park here? est-ce que nous pouvons nous garer ici? ; people could travel without a passport on pouvait voyager sans passeport ; we could only go out at weekends nous ne pouvions sortir ou nous n'avions le droit de sortir que le week-end ; could I interrupt? puis-je vous interrompre? ;
    3 ( when making requests) can you leave us a message? est-ce que tu peux nous laisser un message? ; can you do me a favour? est-ce que tu peux me rendre un service? ; can I ask you a question? puis-je poser une question? ; can't you get home earlier? est-ce que tu ne peux pas rentrer plus tôt? ; could I speak to Annie? est-ce que je pourrais parler à Annie?, puis-je parler à Annie? ; could she spend the night with you? est-ce qu'elle pourrait dormir chez toi? ; you couldn't come earlier, could you? est-ce que tu pourrais venir un peu plus tôt? ; couldn't you give us another chance? est-ce que vous ne pourriez pas nous donner une autre chance? ;
    4 ( when making an offer) can I give you a hand? est-ce que je peux te donner un coup de main? ; what can I do for you? qu'est-ce que je peux faire pour vous aider? ; you can borrow it if you like tu peux l'emprunter si tu veux ;
    5 ( when making suggestions) you can always exchange it tu peux toujours l'échanger ; I can call round later if you prefer je peux passer plus tard si ça t'arrange ; we could try and phone him nous pourrions essayer de lui téléphoner ; couldn't they go camping instead? est-ce qu'ils ne pourraient pas faire du camping à la place? ;
    6 (have skill, knowledge to) she can't drive yet elle ne sait pas encore conduire ; can he type? est-ce qu'il sait taper à la machine? ; few people could read or write peu de gens savaient lire ou écrire ; she never told us she could speak Chinese elle ne nous a jamais dit qu'elle savait parler chinois ;
    7 (have ability, power to) computers can process data rapidly les ordinateurs peuvent traiter rapidement les données ; to do all one can faire tout ce qu'on peut or tout son possible ; he couldn't sleep for weeks il n'a pas pu dormir pendant des semaines ; if only we could stay si seulement nous pouvions rester ; I wish I could have been there j'aurais aimé (pouvoir) être là ; I wish I could go to Japan j'aimerais (pouvoir) visiter le Japon ; I can't ou cannot understand why je ne comprends pas pourquoi, je n'arrive pas à comprendre pourquoi ;
    8 (have ability, using senses, to) can you see it? est-ce que tu le vois? ; I can't hear anything je n'entends rien ; we could hear them laughing on les entendait rire ; I could feel my heart beating je sentais mon cœur battre ;
    9 (indicating capability, tendency) she could be quite abrupt elle pouvait être assez brusque ; it can make life difficult ça peut rendre la vie difficile ; Italy can be very warm at that time of year il peut faire très chaud en Italie à cette période de l'année ;
    10 (expressing likelihood, assumption) the cease-fire can't last le cessez-le-feu ne peut pas durer ; it can't be as bad as that! ça ne peut pas être aussi terrible que ça! ; it can't have been easy for her ça n'a pas dû être facile pour elle ; he couldn't be more than 10 years old il ne peut pas avoir plus de 10 ans ;
    11 ( expressing willingness to act) I cannot give up work je ne peux pas laisser tomber le travail ; we can take you home nous pouvons te déposer chez toi ; I couldn't leave the children ( didn't want to) je ne pouvais pas laisser les enfants ; ( wouldn't want to) je ne pourrais pas laisser les enfants ;
    12 ( be in a position to) one can hardly blame her on peut difficilement le lui reprocher ; they can hardly refuse to listen ils peuvent difficilement refuser d'écouter ; I can't say I agree je ne peux pas dire que je suis d'accord ; I couldn't possibly accept the money je ne peux vraiment pas accepter cet argent ;
    13 ( expressing a reproach) they could have warned us ils auraient pu nous prévenir ; you could at least say sorry! tu pourrais au moins t'excuser! ; how could you! comment as-tu pu faire une chose pareille! ;
    14 ( expressing surprise) what can she possibly want from me? qu'est-ce qu'elle peut bien me vouloir? ; who could it be? qui est-ce que ça peut bien être? ; where could they have hidden it? où est-ce qu'ils ont bien pu le cacher? ; you can't ou cannot be serious! tu veux rire ○ ! ; can you believe it! tu te rends compte? ;
    15 ( for emphasis) I couldn't agree more! je suis entièrement d'accord! ; they couldn't have been nicer ils ont été extrêmement gentils ; you couldn't be more mistaken tu te trompes complètement ;
    16 ( expressing exasperation) I was so mad I could have screamed! j'aurais crié tellement j'étais en colère! ; I could murder him ○ ! je le tuerais ○ ! ;
    17 ( expressing obligation) if she wants it she can ask me herself si elle le veut elle peut venir me le demander elle-même ; you can get lost ○ ! tu peux toujours courir ○ ! ; if you want to chat, you can leave si vous voulez bavarder allez faire ça dehors ; if he doesn't like it he can lump it ○ même si ça ne lui plaît pas il va falloir qu'il fasse avec ○ ;
    18 ( avoiding repetition of verb) ‘can we borrow it?’-‘you can’ ‘est-ce que nous pouvons l'emprunter?’-‘bien sûr’ ; leave as soon as you can partez dès que vous pourrez ; ‘can anyone give me a lift home?’-‘we can’ ‘est-ce que quelqu'un peut me déposer chez moi?’-‘oui, nous’.
    as happy/excited as can ou could be très heureux/excité ; no can do ○ non, je ne peux pas.
    II.
    can
    A n
    1 ( of tinned food) boîte f ; ( aerosol) bombe f ; ( for petrol) bidon m ; ( of drink) cannette f ;
    2 ◑ ( lavatory) chiottes ◑ fpl, toilettes fpl ;
    3 ○ ( prison) taule ○ f ;
    4 ○ US ( rump) fesses fpl ; to kick sb in the can botter les fesses à qn ○ ;
    5 ○ US Naut destroyer m.
    1 Culin mettre [qch] en conserve [fruit, vegetables] ;
    2 ○ can it! I'm trying to sleep ferme-la ○, j'essaie de dormir! ;
    3 ○ US ( dismiss) virer ○.
    1 [food] en boîte ;
    2 ○ [music, laughter, applause] enregistré ;
    3 ○ ( drunk) bourré ○.
    a can of worms une affaire dans laquelle il vaut mieux ne pas trop fouiller ; in the can ○ Cin ( of film) dans la boîte ; ( of negotiations) dans la poche ; to carry the can for sb ○ porter le chapeau à la place de qn ○.

    Big English-French dictionary > can

  • 7 the action announced by this country can only be described as incompatible with the norms of international law

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > the action announced by this country can only be described as incompatible with the norms of international law

  • 8 описанный

    circumscribed, described, discussed
    • В качестве примера применения описанного выше метода мы показываем, что... - As an example of the method described above we show that...
    • Данная модель подробно описана в недавней публикации. - The model has been detailed in a recent publication.
    • Данное явление может быть описано в терминах... - This phenomenon can be described in terms of...
    • Идея оценки, описанная в гл. 2, дает частичный ответ этой задачи. - The idea of estimation which is described in Ch. 2 gives a partial answer to this problem
    • Описанные здесь исследования показывают, что... - The studies described here show that...
    • Описанный выше метод может быть использован для построения... - The procedure described above can be used to construct...
    • Только что описанный метод известен как... - The procedure we have described is known as...
    • Это может быть описано следующими уравнениями. - This can be depicted by the following equations.

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > описанный

  • 9 Artificial Intelligence

       In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)
       Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)
       Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....
       When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)
       4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, Eventually
       Just as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)
       Many problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)
       What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)
       [AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)
       The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)
       9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract Form
       The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)
       There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:
        Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."
        Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)
       Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)
       Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)
       The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)
        14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory Formation
       It is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)
       We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.
       Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.
       Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.
    ... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)
       Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)
        16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular Contexts
       Even if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)
       Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)
        18) The Assumption That the Mind Is a Formal System
       Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)
        19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial Intelligence
       The primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.
       The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)
       The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....
       AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)
        21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary Propositions
       In artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)
       Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)
       Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)
       The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence

  • 10 incipiente

    adj.
    1 incipient (inicial).
    una democracia incipiente a fledgling democracy
    una amistad incipiente a budding friendship
    2 commencing.
    f. & m.
    neophyte, novice, newbie.
    * * *
    1 incipient
    * * *
    * * *
    adjetivo (frml o liter) incipient (liter)
    * * *
    = burgeoning, emerging, nascent, inchoate, fledging, fledgling [fledgeling], incipient, developing, undeveloped, budding.
    Ex. It was apparent that the responders to the investigation were somewhat unsure of their future situation relative to the burgeoning information education market = Era claro que los entrevistados en la investigacion no se sentían muy seguros sobre su situación futura en relación con el incipiente mercado de las enseñanzas de documentación.
    Ex. We have too much invested for us to assume any longer that we can, by sheer force of will, temper their influence on emerging standards.
    Ex. Later this strip is retyped into ordinary language, for in its nascent form it is intelligible only to the initiated.
    Ex. The library symbolises freedom for the reader to pursue his own desires, however inchoate.
    Ex. Venture capitalists funded fledging companies in the early days of information technology some of which went on to dominate the market.
    Ex. This article describes the experiences of a fledgling information system in dealing with a hurricane which wreaked devastation on some of the most remote areas of Hawaii = Este artículo describe las experiencias de un sistema de información nuevo al verse afectado por un huracán que devastó algunas de las zonas más remotas de Hawaii.
    Ex. They are also helpful in the revision of existing systems that show signs of incipient weakness.
    Ex. I can join a sporting club and combine developing skills with social activities.
    Ex. I would urge you most sincerely and strongly to think twice or three times before putting your shelflist into an undeveloped system.
    Ex. The current literature in knowledge management can be described as immature, yet budding.
    ----
    * barba incipiente = stubble, stubble beard.
    * barba incipiente de moda = designer stubble.
    * * *
    adjetivo (frml o liter) incipient (liter)
    * * *
    = burgeoning, emerging, nascent, inchoate, fledging, fledgling [fledgeling], incipient, developing, undeveloped, budding.

    Ex: It was apparent that the responders to the investigation were somewhat unsure of their future situation relative to the burgeoning information education market = Era claro que los entrevistados en la investigacion no se sentían muy seguros sobre su situación futura en relación con el incipiente mercado de las enseñanzas de documentación.

    Ex: We have too much invested for us to assume any longer that we can, by sheer force of will, temper their influence on emerging standards.
    Ex: Later this strip is retyped into ordinary language, for in its nascent form it is intelligible only to the initiated.
    Ex: The library symbolises freedom for the reader to pursue his own desires, however inchoate.
    Ex: Venture capitalists funded fledging companies in the early days of information technology some of which went on to dominate the market.
    Ex: This article describes the experiences of a fledgling information system in dealing with a hurricane which wreaked devastation on some of the most remote areas of Hawaii = Este artículo describe las experiencias de un sistema de información nuevo al verse afectado por un huracán que devastó algunas de las zonas más remotas de Hawaii.
    Ex: They are also helpful in the revision of existing systems that show signs of incipient weakness.
    Ex: I can join a sporting club and combine developing skills with social activities.
    Ex: I would urge you most sincerely and strongly to think twice or three times before putting your shelflist into an undeveloped system.
    Ex: The current literature in knowledge management can be described as immature, yet budding.
    * barba incipiente = stubble, stubble beard.
    * barba incipiente de moda = designer stubble.

    * * *
    ( frml o liter)
    1 ‹barba/bigote› incipient ( liter)
    2 ‹mejoría/síntoma› incipient ( frml)
    una incipiente amistad a newly found friendship
    esta incipiente democracia this incipient o infant democracy
    * * *

    incipiente adjetivo incipient, budding
    ' incipiente' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    naciente
    English:
    incipient
    * * *
    1. [calvicie] incipient;
    lucía una barba incipiente [de joven] he was starting to get a beard;
    [sin afeitar] his chin was covered in stubble
    2. [inicial] incipient;
    [democracia] fledgling; [amistad, talento] budding
    * * *
    adj incipient
    * * *
    : incipient

    Spanish-English dictionary > incipiente

  • 11 явление

    (= феномен, эффект) appearance, occurrence, phenomenon (pi. phenomena), emergence
    • В литературе нет примеров, подтверждающих подобное явление. - There are no authenticated examples of such a phenomenon in the literature.
    • В этом параграфе мы исследуем явления... -In this section we examine the effects of...
    • Вышеописанное явление может быть интерпретировано в терминах... - The phenomenon described above can be interpreted in terms of...
    • Данное явление может быть описано в терминах... - This phenomenon can be described in terms of...; This phenomenon can be understood in terms of...
    • Данное явление удобно наблюдать, когда/ если... - This phenomenon can be conveniently observed if...
    • Его лекции внесли новое понимание явлений... - His lectures provided new insight regarding the effects of...
    • Мы откладываем обсуждение этого явления до главы 5. - We defer discussion of this phenomenon until Chapter 5.
    • Новая серия лекций будет посвящена явлениям... - A new lecture series will be devoted to the effects of...
    • Обычное явление (= эффект) состоит в том, что... - The usual effect is that...
    • Подобные явления не наблюдались в... - No such effects were observed in...
    • Последнее явление известно как... - The latter phenomenon is known as...
    • Простейшей интерпретацией этого явления является то, что... - The simplest interpretation of this phenomenon is that...
    • Эти явления будут более детально рассматриваться в во второй главе. - These phenomena will be explored in more detail in Chapter 2.
    • Эти явления могут быть объяснены (чем-л). - These effects can be accounted for by...
    • Эти явления обсуждаются в главе 5. - These phenomena are discussed in Chapter 5.
    • Эти явления указывают на существование... - These phenomena point to the existence of...
    • Это явление впервые наблюдалось экспериментально... - This effect was first observed experimentally by...
    • Это явление могло бы объяснить быстрое исчезновение... - This phenomenon may explain the rapid disappearance of...
    • Явление, которое еще предстоит изучить, это... - То predict phenomena yet to be studied, it is...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > явление

  • 12 en ciernes

    = developing, budding, in the making
    Ex. I can join a sporting club and combine developing skills with social activities.
    Ex. The current literature in knowledge management can be described as immature, yet budding.
    Ex. What you are witnessing is a disaster in the making - not only for Lebanon but for the United States, which stands exposed once again as a prejudiced hypocrite.
    * * *
    = developing, budding, in the making

    Ex: I can join a sporting club and combine developing skills with social activities.

    Ex: The current literature in knowledge management can be described as immature, yet budding.
    Ex: What you are witnessing is a disaster in the making - not only for Lebanon but for the United States, which stands exposed once again as a prejudiced hypocrite.

    Spanish-English dictionary > en ciernes

  • 13 primerizo

    adj.
    novice.
    m.
    beginner, novice.
    * * *
    1 (gen) novice; (madre) first-time
    ► nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 beginner
    * * *
    primerizo, -a
    1. ADJ
    1) (=novato) green, inexperienced
    2) (=primero) first
    2.
    SM / F (=principiante) beginner
    3.
    SF (Med) first time mother
    * * *
    I
    - za adjetivo
    a) (fam) ( poco experto) green (colloq), inexperienced
    b) (Med)
    II
    - za masculino, femenino novice, beginner
    * * *
    = first-time, first-timer, developing, budding.
    Ex. Ideally, this reference manual should provide step-by-step guidance for the non-technical, first-time user.
    Ex. The article has the title 'Penmanship: impressions of a first-timer'.
    Ex. I can join a sporting club and combine developing skills with social activities.
    Ex. The current literature in knowledge management can be described as immature, yet budding.
    ----
    * madre primeriza = new mother.
    * * *
    I
    - za adjetivo
    a) (fam) ( poco experto) green (colloq), inexperienced
    b) (Med)
    II
    - za masculino, femenino novice, beginner
    * * *
    = first-time, first-timer, developing, budding.

    Ex: Ideally, this reference manual should provide step-by-step guidance for the non-technical, first-time user.

    Ex: The article has the title 'Penmanship: impressions of a first-timer'.
    Ex: I can join a sporting club and combine developing skills with social activities.
    Ex: The current literature in knowledge management can be described as immature, yet budding.
    * madre primeriza = new mother.

    * * *
    primerizo1 -za
    1 ( fam) (poco experto) green ( colloq), inexperienced
    es primerizo en la venta de seguros he's a bit green o inexperienced when it comes to selling insurance
    un texto para lectores primerizos a text for the lay person o for the uninitiated
    2 ( Med):
    madre primeriza first-time mother, primigravida ( tech), primipara ( tech)
    primerizo2 -za
    masculine, feminine
    novice, beginner
    * * *

    primerizo
    ◊ -za sustantivo masculino, femenino


    b)

    ◊ primeriza sustantivo femenino

    first-time mother
    ' primerizo' also found in these entries:
    English:
    first-time
    * * *
    primerizo, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [principiante] novice;
    es primerizo en el vuelo en ala delta he's a novice at hang-gliding
    2. [embarazada] first-time
    ♦ nm,f
    [principiante] beginner
    * * *
    I adj ( principiante) inexperienced, green fam ; madre new, first-time
    II m, primeriza f novice, greenhorn fam

    Spanish-English dictionary > primerizo

  • 14 automovilismo

    m.
    1 motoring.
    2 motor racing.
    * * *
    1 motoring
    2 DEPORTE motor racing
    * * *
    * * *
    masculino motoring
    * * *
    Ex. As with any range of products, there will be one or two which can be described as 'the best', equivalent to the Rolls-Royce in the motoring world.
    ----
    * pista de automovilismo = auto race track.
    * * *
    masculino motoring
    * * *

    Ex: As with any range of products, there will be one or two which can be described as 'the best', equivalent to the Rolls-Royce in the motoring world.

    * pista de automovilismo = auto race track.

    * * *
    motoring
    Compuesto:
    motor racing
    * * *

    automovilismo sustantivo masculino
    motoring;

    automovilismo sustantivo masculino motoring

    ' automovilismo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    meta
    English:
    motoring
    * * *
    1. [actividad] motoring
    2. Dep Br motor o US auto racing
    * * *
    m driving
    * * *
    automovilismo n motor racing

    Spanish-English dictionary > automovilismo

  • 15 barco mercante

    m.
    merchant ship, merchant boat, cargo ship, cargo boat.
    * * *
    merchant ship
    * * *
    * * *
    (n.) = merchant ship, merchant vessel
    Ex. Subjects that can be described only with terms comprising more than one word, e.g. merchant ships, pressure vessels, algebraic topology, present a difficulty.
    Ex. After the end of the work may able-bodied tars opted for the better pay and living conditions on privately owned merchant vessels.
    * * *
    * * *
    (n.) = merchant ship, merchant vessel

    Ex: Subjects that can be described only with terms comprising more than one word, e.g. merchant ships, pressure vessels, algebraic topology, present a difficulty.

    Ex: After the end of the work may able-bodied tars opted for the better pay and living conditions on privately owned merchant vessels.

    Spanish-English dictionary > barco mercante

  • 16 buque mercante

    m.
    merchant ship, merchantman, merchant vessel, bank ship.
    * * *
    merchant ship
    * * *
    Ex. Subjects that can be described only with terms comprising more than one word, e.g. merchant ships, pressure vessels, algebraic topology, present a difficulty.
    * * *

    Ex: Subjects that can be described only with terms comprising more than one word, e.g. merchant ships, pressure vessels, algebraic topology, present a difficulty.

    * * *
    merchant ship

    Spanish-English dictionary > buque mercante

  • 17 campana de inmersión

    Ex. Subjects that can be described only with terms comprising more than one word, e.g. merchant ships, pressure vessels, algebraic topology, present a difficulty.
    * * *

    Ex: Subjects that can be described only with terms comprising more than one word, e.g. merchant ships, pressure vessels, algebraic topology, present a difficulty.

    Spanish-English dictionary > campana de inmersión

  • 18 en germinación

    (adj.) = budding
    Ex. The current literature in knowledge management can be described as immature, yet budding.
    * * *
    (adj.) = budding

    Ex: The current literature in knowledge management can be described as immature, yet budding.

    Spanish-English dictionary > en germinación

  • 19 en sus comienzos

    (adj.) = budding
    Ex. The current literature in knowledge management can be described as immature, yet budding.
    * * *
    (adj.) = budding

    Ex: The current literature in knowledge management can be described as immature, yet budding.

    Spanish-English dictionary > en sus comienzos

  • 20 en sus inicios

    (adj.) = in + Posesivo + infancy, budding
    Ex. Indexes in electronic documents such as journals and directories are still in their infancy.
    Ex. The current literature in knowledge management can be described as immature, yet budding.
    * * *
    (adj.) = in + Posesivo + infancy, budding

    Ex: Indexes in electronic documents such as journals and directories are still in their infancy.

    Ex: The current literature in knowledge management can be described as immature, yet budding.

    Spanish-English dictionary > en sus inicios

Страницы

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